国务院


国务院关于鼓励台湾同胞投资的规定(附英文

1988年7月3日，国务院

第一条 为促进大陆和台湾地区的经济技术交流，以利于祖国海峡两岸的共同繁荣，鼓励台湾的公司、企业和个人（以下统称台湾投资者）在大陆投资，制定本规定。
第二条 台湾投资者可以在大陆各省、自治区、直辖市、经济特区投资。
鼓励台湾投资者到海南省以及福建、广东、浙江等省沿海地带划定的岛屿和地区从事土地开发经营。
第三条 台湾投资者在大陆可以下列形式进行投资：
（一）举办台湾投资者拥有全部资本的企业；
（二）举办合资经营企业、合作经营企业；
（三）开展补偿贸易、来料加工装配、合作生产；
（四）购买企业的股票和债券；
（五）购置房产；
（六）依法取得土地使用权，开发经营；
（七）法律、法规允许的其他投资形式。
第四条 台湾投资者可以在大陆的工业、农业、服务业以及其他符合社会和经济发展方向的行业投资。台湾投资者可以从各地方人民政府有关部门公布的项目中选择投资项目，也可以自行提出投资项目意向，向拟投资地区对外经济贸易部门或者地方人民政府指定的审批机关申请。
国家鼓励台湾投资者投资举办产品出口企业和先进技术企业，并给予相应的优惠待遇。
第五条 台湾投资者在大陆投资举办拥有全部资本的企业、合资经营企业和合作经营企业（以下统称台胞投资企业），除适用本规定外，参照执行国家有关涉外经济法律、法规的规定，享受相应的外商投资企业待遇。
台湾投资者在大陆进行其他形式的投资，以及在大陆没有设立营业机构而有来源于大陆的股息、利息、租金、特许权使用费和其他所得，除适用本规定外，也可以参照执行国家有关涉外经济法律、法规的规定。
第六条 台湾投资者可以用可自由兑换货币、机器设备或者其他实物、工业产权、专有技术等作为投资。
第七条 台湾投资者在大陆的投资、购置的资产、工业产权、投资所得利润和其他合法权益受国家法律保护，并可以依法转让和继承。
台湾投资者在大陆的活动应当遵守国家的法律、法规。
第八条 国家对台湾投资者的投资和其他资产不实行国有化。
第九条 国家根据社会公共利益的需要，对台胞投资企业实行征收时，依照法律程序进行并给予相应的补偿。
第十条 台湾投资者投资获得的合法利润，其他合法收入和清算后的资金，可以依法汇往境外。
第十一条 台胞投资企业在其投资总额内进口本企业所需的机器设备、生产用车辆和办公设备，以及台胞个人在企业工作期间运进自用的、合理数量的生活用品和交通工具，免缴进口关税、工商统一税，免领进口许可证。
台胞投资企业进口用于生产出口产品的原材料、燃料、散件、零部件、元器件、配套件，免缴进口关税、工商统一税，免领进口许可证，由海关实行监管。上述进口料件，如用于在大陆销售的产品，应当按照国家规定补办进口手续，并照章补税。
台胞投资企业生产的出口产品，除国家限制出口的外，免缴出口关税和工商统一税。
第十二条 台胞投资企业可以向大陆的金融机构借款，也可以向境外的金融机构借款，并可以本企业资产和权益抵押、担保。
第十三条 台湾投资者拥有全部资本的企业，经营期限由投资者自行确定；合资经营企业和合作经营企业，经营期限由合资或者合作各方协商确定，也可以不规定经营期限。
第十四条 合资经营企业董事会的组成和董事长的委派、合作经营企业董事会或者联合管理机构的组成和董事长或者联合管理机构主任的委派，可以参照出资比例或者合作条件由合资或者合作各方协商决定。
第十五条 台胞投资企业依照经批准的合同、章程进行经营管理活动。企业的经营管理自主权不受干涉。
第十六条 在大陆投资的台胞个人以及台胞投资企业从境外聘请的技术和管理人员，可以申请办理多次入出境的证件。
第十七条 台湾投资者在大陆投资可以委托大陆的亲友为其代理人。代理人应当持有具有法律效力的委托书。
第十八条 在台胞投资企业集中的地区，台湾投资者可以向当地人民政府申请成立台商协会。
第十九条 台湾投资者在大陆投资举办合资经营企业、合作经营企业，由大陆的合资、合作方负责申请；举办台湾投资者拥有全部资本的企业，由台湾投资者直接申请或者委托在大陆的亲友、咨询服务机构等代为申请。台湾投资者投资举办企业的申请，由当地对外经济贸易部门或者地方人民政府指定的审批机关统一受理。
台胞投资企业的审批，按照国务院规定的权限办理。各级对外经济贸易部门或者地方人民政府指定的审批机关应当在收到全部申请文件之日起45天内决定批准或者不批准。
申请人应当在收到批准证书之日起30天内，按照有关登记管理办法，向工商行政管理机关申请登记，领取营业执照。
第二十条 台湾投资者在大陆投资因履行合同发生的或者与合同有关的争议，当事人应当尽可能通过协商或者调解解决。
当事人不愿协商、调解的，或者协商、调解不成的，可以依据合同中的仲裁条款或者事后达成的书面仲裁协议，提交大陆或者香港的仲裁机构仲裁。
当事人没有在合同中订立仲裁条款，事后又没有达成书面仲裁协议的，可以向人民法院起诉。
第二十一条 本规定由对外经济贸易部负责解释。
第二十二条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ENCOURAGEMENT OFINVESTMENTS BY COMPATRIOTS FROM TAIWAN

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF
INVESTMENTS BY COMPATRIOTS FROM TAIWAN
(Adopted by the Tenth Executive Meeting of the State Council on
June 25, 1988, promulgated by Decree No. 7 of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China on July 3, 1988, and effective as of the date
of promulgation)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in order to promote economic and
technological exchanges between China's mainland and the region of Taiwan,
thereby boosting common prosperity of the two parts of the motherland on
both sides of the Straits, and to encourage companies, enterprises and
individuals on Taiwan (hereinafter referred to as "investors from Taiwan")
to make investments on China's mainland.
Article 2
Investors from Taiwan may make investments in all provinces, autonomous
regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and special
economic zones on China's mainland.
Investors from Taiwan are encouraged to engage themselves in land
development operations in Hainan Province and on the designated islands
and in areas along the coastal regions of the Provinces of Fujian,
Guangdong and Zhejiang.
Article 3
The investments made by investors from Taiwan on China's mainland may take
the following forms:
(1) to establish enterprises with the capital wholly owned by investors
from Taiwan;
(2) to establish equity or contractual joint ventures;
(3) to carry out compensation trade, to process supplied materials, to
assemble supplied parts, and to carry out contractual production;
(4) to purchase shares and various kinds of bonds and debentures of
existing enterprises;
(5) to purchase real estate;
(6) to obtain land use right according to law and to engage in land
development operations; and
(7) to adopt other forms of investment permitted under the laws and
regulations.
Article 4
Investors from Taiwan may make investments in various trades in China's
mainland: industries, agriculture, service trades, and other trades that
are in conformity with the orientation of social and economic development.
Investors from Taiwan may select investment projects from the lists of
projects published by the departments concerned under various local
people's governments; they may also put forward, of their own accord,
proposals as to their investment intent and file their applications to the
departments of foreign economic relations and trade or to the examining
and approving organs designated by various local people's governments in
areas where they intend to make investments.
The State encourages investors from Taiwan to make investments in the
establishment of export oriented enterprises and of technological advanced
enterprises and gives corresponding preferential treatment to such
enterprises.
Article 5
With respect to the various types of enterprises established with
investments by investors from Taiwan - enterprises with the capital wholly
owned by investors from Taiwan, equity and contractual joint ventures
(hereinafter referred to as "enterprises with investments by compatriots
from Taiwan"), they shall all be operated in accordance with these
Provisions; in addition to this, they may also enjoy the corresponding
preferential treatment as enjoyed by enterprises with foreign investments
with reference to the relevant provisions in foreign-related economic
laws, decrees and regulations of the state.
With respect to the other forms of investment made by investors from
Taiwan on China's mainland, and with respect to those investors from
Taiwan who have not set up business offices on the mainland, but have
dividends, interest, rental, royalties and other incomes that come from
China's mainland, in addition to the application of these Provisions,
reference shall be made to the relevant foreign-related economic law,
decrees and regulations.
Article 6
Investors from Taiwan may make investments by using freely convertible
currencies, machinery and equipment or other physical goods, industrial
property right, and proprietary technology.
Article 7
The investments made on China's mainland by investors from Taiwan, the
assets they have purchased, their industrial property rights, their
profits from investments, and other lawful rights and interests shall be
protected by state laws, and may be transferred or inherited according to
law.
Investors from Taiwan shall, in their activities on China's mainland,
abide by state laws, decrees and regulations.
Article 8
The state shall not nationalize the investments made by investors from
Taiwan or other assets belonging to them.
Article 9
Where the state, in light of the needs of social and public interest, has
to requisition the enterprises with investments by compatriots from
Taiwan, the State shall handle the requisitioning according to the legal
procedures and the investors concerned shall be duly compensated.
Article 10
The lawful profits gained by the investors from Taiwan from their
investments, their other lawful income and the funds after liquidation may
be remitted out of China's mainland according to law.
Article 11
Machinery and equipment imported to meet the needs of the enterprises with
investments by compatriots from Taiwan and included in the total amount of
investment, the motor vehicles for use in production, the office
equipment, as well as the articles and means of communications for
personal use and within reasonable quantities, imported by individual
compatriots from Taiwan during the period when they work in the aforesaid
enterprises shall be exempted from Customs duties and consolidated
industrial and commercial tax, and also from application of import
licences.
The raw and processed materials, fuels, bulk parts, spare and component
parts, primary parts, and fittings, which are imported by the enterprises
with investments by compatriots from Taiwan for the production of export
commodities, shall all be exempted from Customs duties and consolidated
industrial and commercial tax and also from obtaining import licences, and
placed under the supervision of the Customs. In case that the aforesaid
imported raw materials and parts are used for the production of
commodities to be sold on the market of China's mainland, it is imperative
to make up the procedures for importation and to pay taxes and duties
according to the regulations. The export commodities produced by the
enterprises with investments by compatriots from Taiwan shall, with the
exception of those commodities the export of which is under restriction by
the state, be exempted from Customs duties on export goods and
consolidated industrial and commercial tax.
Article 12
Enterprises with investments by compatriots from Taiwan may obtain loans
from financial institutions of China's mainland; they may also obtain
loans from financial institutions outside China's mainland, and may use
their assets as well as their rights and interests as mortgage or
security.
Article 13
With respect to the enterprises with the capital wholly owned by investors
from Taiwan, their period of operation shall be determined by the
investors themselves; as to equity and contractual joint ventures their
period of operation shall be determined, through consultation, by the
various parties to the ventures, they may also choose not to stipulate a
period of operation.
Article 14
The composition of the board of directors of equity joint ventures and the
appointment of the chairman of the board of directors, the composition of
the board of directors or of the joint managerial organs of contractual
joint ventures and the appointment of the chairman or the appointment of
the director of the joint managerial organs, shall be determined, through
consultation, by the various parties to the equity or contractual joint
ventures in light of the proportion of investments or the terms of
contract.
Article 15
Enterprises with investments by compatriots from Taiwan shall conduct
their operational and managerial activities in accordance with the
approved contract or articles of association. The enterprises' decision-
making power for business operations and management shall not be
interfered with.
Article 16
The technical and managerial personnel, engaged by individuals and
enterprises investing on China's mainland may apply and obtain multiple-
journey travel documents.
Article 17
The investors from Taiwan, who make investments on China's mainland, may
appoint their relatives or friends residing on the mainland as their
agents. The agents should hold legally effective letters of authority.
Article 18
In areas where enterprises with investments by compatriots from Taiwan are
concentrated, the investors from Taiwan may apply to the local people's
government for the establishment of the association of investors from
Taiwan.
Article 19
With respect to equity and contractual joint ventures to be established,
on China's mainland, with investments by investors from Taiwan, the
application for the establishment of the aforesaid enterprises shall be
filed by the mainland party; as o the enterprises to be established with
capital wholly owned by investors from Taiwan, the application shall be
filed directly by the investors from Taiwan themselves, or they may
entrust their relatives or friends residing on the mainland, or entrust
the institution providing advisory services, with the application. The
applications for the establishment of enterprises with investments by
investors from Taiwan shall be accepted and handled, in a unified manner,
by the local department for foreign economic relations and trade, or by
the examining and approving organs designated by the local people's
government. Cases concerning the examination and approval of the
application for the establishment of enterprises with investments by
compatriots from Taiwan shall be handled in accordance with the authority
prescribed by the State Council. Departments for foreign economic
relations and trade at various levels or the examining and approving
organs designated by the local people's government shall, within forty-
five days of receipt of complete application documents, make the decision
on whether the said application is approved or disapproved.
The applicants shall, within thirty days receipt of the written approval,
file an application to the department for the administration of industry
and commerce, and, in accordance with the relevant procedures for
registration and administration, go through the procedures for
registration and obtain business licences.
Article 20
With respect to the investors from Taiwan who have made investments in
China's mainland, in case that a dispute arises during the execution of,
or in connection with, a contract, the parties concerned shall try their
best to settle the dispute through consultation or mediation.
Where the parties concerned are unwilling to settle the dispute through
consultation or mediation, or the consultation or mediation has failed,
the parties concerned may, in accordance with the stipulation of the
arbitration articles in the contract, or in accordance with the written
arbitration agreement reached by the parties concerned after the dispute
has arisen, submit their dispute to the arbitration authorities on China's
mainland or in Hong Kong for settlement.
In the event that the parties concerned did not include an arbitration
article in their contract, and on written arbitration agreement has been
reached after the dispute has arisen, then the dispute may be brought
before the people's court.
Article 21
The right to interpret these Provisions resides in the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade.
Article 22
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


参与分配制度若干疑难问题探讨

奚玮 叶良芳


[内容提要] 申请参与分配制度是一项重要的民事执行制度，但这项制度在具体设计时却还存在许多不明确之处。本文对申请参与分配的主体范围、不足清偿全部债务的认定标准、法院的告知义务、主持具体分配财产的法院的确定等问题进行了探讨。
[关键词] 申请参与分配 主体 清偿 告知 主持

申请参与分配制度，是指已经取得执行依据或者已经取得财产保全裁定的债权人，在其他取得执行依据的债权人对被执行人的财产启动执行程序后至被执行人的财产被清偿前，发现被执行人的财产不足清偿所有债务时，向人民法院申请就所有债权按比例平均受偿的一种制度。这项重要的民事执行制度，对于平等保护债权人的合法权益，维护社会公平，提高诉讼效率，具有十分重要的意义。《最高人民法院关于适用＜中华人民共和国民事诉讼法＞若干问题的意见（以下简称《意见》）和《最高人民法院关于人民法院执行工作若干问题的规定（试行）》（以下简称《规定》）对这项制度均有相应的规定。但由于这两个司法解释的内容均较为原则，对许多具体问题的规定存在一些模糊、冲突之处，给司法适用带来一定的困难，有必要予以分析澄清。
一、 关于申请参与分配的主体范围问题
《意见》规定，申请参与分配人必须是已经取得执行依据或者已经起诉的债权人。具体而言有两种：一是已经取得执行依据的债权人，即与被执行人存有债权债务关系，而且这种关系已经人民法院判决、裁定、调解，或经仲裁机构裁决，或经公证机关依法赋予强制执行效力，且相关的法律文书已经生效的债权人；二是已经起诉的债权人，即与被执行人存有债权债务关系，在法院因其他案件执行被执行人的财产的过程中向人民法院提起诉讼并被法院立案受理的债权人，既包括向一审法院起诉的债权人，也包括向二审法院上诉的债权人；既包括法院已经受理其案件但尚未开庭审理的债权人，又包括法院虽已开庭审理但尚未对其案件作出裁判的债权人，还包括其案件一审裁判已经作出但尚未生效的债权人。
根据《规定》，申请参与分配人须是已经取得金钱债权执行依据的债权人，即与被执行人的债权债务关系是否存在已由生效的内容为金钱给付而非交付特定物或履行特定行为的法律文书所确定的债权人。
比较两个司法解释，关于申请参与分配的主体范围明显存有以下差别：一是参与分配的债权种类不同。《意见》对申请参与分配的债权种类未加限制，《规定》则要求申请参与分配的债权必须是以金钱给付为内容。二是提出申请的依据不同。《意见》规定了申请人提出参与分配申请的两个择一要件：一是在结果上有执行依据；二是在程序上已进入起诉阶段。《规定》则以取得执行依据为申请参与分配的唯一要件，排除了在起诉阶段以法院受理为依据申请的可能。在司法实践中，我们应该以哪个司法解释为准确定申请主体的范围呢？根据新法优于后法的原则，当然是以《规定》为准。应当注意的是，根据《规定》，财产保全申请人的地位类似于申请执行人，而不是一般的申请参与分配人。因为一旦法院接受债权人的财产保全，并对债务人财产采取了查封、扣押、冻结等措施，其实质相当于提前实施了一部分执行程序，并排除其他法院对该部分财产重复采取执行措施的权力以及其他已取得执行依据的债权人对该部分财产申请立即强制执行的效力。其他债权人要参与分配该部分财产，必须向采取执行措施的法院提出申请，且需等到财产保全申请人的案件审结之后才能进行实际分割。从这个意义上说，财产保全申请人的地位，相当于申请执行人。当然，就其申请分配财产而言，由于其是在其他债权人已申请执行的情况下作出的，在时间上具有后续性，故又是申请参与分配人。
二、 关于“不足清偿全部债务”的认定标准问题
《意见》和《规定》均将“被执行人的财产不足清偿全部债务（不能清偿所有债权）”作为申请参与分配人提出申请的一个前提条件。但如何判定“被执行人的财产不足清偿全部债务”，两个司法解释均无明确的可操作性较强的规定。
实践中，有的同志认为，“被执行人的财产不足清偿全部债务”，应采客观标准，即被执行人的全部财产总额事实上少于其全部债务总额，方为“不足清偿”。有的则认为，应采主观标准，即申请参与分配人认为被执行人的财产短缺，欠缺偿付能力，不能清偿全部债务的，即可。上述客观标准说要求申请参与分配人查明被执行人的现有全部财产总额和全部债务总额，这不够切合实际。因为除被执行人隐瞒、转移其财产、不愿公开负债状况等人为因素外，对其公开的财产仍存在评估、折价、鉴定等技术上的困难，这使得正确评定一个被执行人的财产存在许多变素，实属不易。当前在司法机关要做到这一点尚存有诸多困难的情况下，要求申请参与分配人做到，显然勉为其难，失之过严。
事实上，“被执行人的财产不足清偿全部债务”应是申请参与分配人提出申请的一个诱因和动机，是其主观上的认识，对于其能否参与分配财产不是决定性的，故应以主观标准为宜。从参与分配制度的功能来看，其旨在保护债权人公平受偿。因此，债权人只要在法定期间内提出申请，并附有执行依据的，原则上应允许其参加财产分配。如果被执行人财产事实上的确不足清偿全部债务，则申请人的申请并无不当，允许其参加财产分配就是适宜的；如果申请人的认识片面，被执行人的财产足够清偿全部债务或者有其他财产可供执行，则在参与分配程序结束之后，各债权人仍可就被执行人未执行的财产进行再分配，仍可公平保护各债权人的利益。从操作层面上来看，采主观标准，法院只需审查申请参与分配人提供的被执行人不能清偿其债务的表面证据，如债权人向有关法院申请执行后是否通过对被执行人的其他财产获得清偿，在债权人的请求履行下，债务人对于到期债务，是否有持续的不能清偿的客观状态，债务人是否明示或默示其不能偿还债务，是否有相反证据证明债务人能够清偿到期债务等，而无需耗费大量的人力、物力和财力去调查核实被执行人的全部财产和全部债务，这无疑大大方便操作，从而有利于提高执行效率。
三、 关于法院告知义务的问题
参与分配程序因申请人提起而得以启动，申请人若不向执行法院申请，则无从进入业已开始的执行程序。但实践中，申请人没有提出申请往往不是因为其主观上不愿提起，而是因为不知道法院已启动执行程序，开始执行被执行人的财产。因为被执行人的债权人可能是多个，对被执行人的财产采取执行措施的法院也可能是数家，即使是同一家法院，申请人也难以掌握法院的执行工作状况，难以全面了解被执行人的财产是否被查封、扣押、冻结或者是否已被执行完毕，这样就很可能使参与分配制度被虚置。由此带来一个问题是：执行法院有无告知所有债权人其已开始执行被执行人的财产的义务？
笔者认为，在一般情况下，法院并无告知义务。参与分配程序不同于破产程序。破产程序是对债务人的全部财产作一次性分配给所有债权人，并从实体上消灭债务人的民事主体资格，债务人以后将不再也不可能承担清偿剩余债务的责任。它是以公平为主要价值取向，同时兼顾效率。因此，在破产程序中，要求法院要有告知义务，以保证各债权人公平受偿债务。参与分配程序是使债权人公平受偿债务人现有全部财产，以便宜执行进行。它并不从实体上消灭债务人的民事主体资格。如果债权人在这次执行中未得到全部的充分的足额清偿，以后发现债务人还有其他财产时，对剩余债务仍得申请法院继续强制执行。它以效率为主要价值取向，兼顾公平。从法理上讲，债权人如果在这次执行程序中未得到清偿，毕竟还有其他清偿机会，还有补救措施。另外，作为权利的享有者债权人也应该密切地关注被执行人的财产状况，及早向法院提出执行申请，积极行使自己的诉讼权利。因而，在参与分配程序中，法院可以不履行告知义务。从操作上看，如果要求执行法院就每一个执行案件都以通知、公告等方式告知其他不特定的债权人，则无疑会使执行程序复杂化，拖延迟缓诉讼进程，降低执行效率。参与分配程序毕竟还是属于执行程序，而效率是执行的第一价值目标，因此，在参与分配程序中，要求法院承担告知义务并不妥当。
但是，如果法院处置的财产是终极性的，即债务人仅以该财产为承担责任的全部，则法院必须履行告知义务，如执行被执行人的开办单位或上级主管部门的财产。根据《规定》，被执行人的开办单位或上级主管部门只在开办时投入的注册资金不实或抽逃注册资金范围内或者所无偿接受的财产范围内承担责任。如果已经在注册范围内或接受财产范围内向其他债权人承担了全部责任的，人民法院不得裁定开办单位重复承担责任。易言之，开办单位或上级主管部门只承担一次责任，且是有限责任。实践中大量的作为被执行人的未清理或清算而撤销、注销或歇业的企业法人，基本上是空壳公司，已无财产可供执行。此时，在追加或变更投入资金不实、抽逃资金或转移财产的开办单位或其他单位为被执行人时，由于这类单位只承担一次责任，故类似于破产清算，法院应履行告知义务，以确保债权人的债务公平受偿。如有一个案例：A公司是B公司的投资人，公司成立后，C公司又抽回所投入的注册资金100万元。C公司因与B公司发生货款纠纷而起诉B公司和A公司，取得胜诉判决并申请法院执行。但由于种种原因，法院未对A公司的财产采取执行措施。在此期间，D公司又向另一家法院起诉B公司，要求归还借款120万元，并在庭审过程中达成调解协议。在执行该协议时，追加A公司为被执行人，取得A公司的款项100万元。当前一家法院要执行A公司的财产时，A公司辩称，其已履行完毕债务，不应再承担责任。此案B公司起诉在前，取得生效判决在前，债务却得不到分文清偿；D公司起诉在后，取得生效裁决在后，债务却得以基本清偿。主要原因在于法院未履行告知义务，以致其债权不能得到清偿，事实上以后也失去清偿机会，这对其是十分不公平的。因此，当被执行的财产是终极性的，即该财产执行完毕后将终结民事主体的资格，则法院应有告知义务。具体而言，主持分配的执行法院在受理第一个债权人的执行申请后，即应发出公告，督促其他取得执行依据的债权人在一定期间向法院申请参与分配，逾期不再受理。
四、 关于确定主持具体分配被执行人财产的法院问题
实务中，往往出现被执行人的财产因涉及多个执行案件而由多个执行法院分别采取了强制执行措施。当有其他债权人发现被执行人的财产不足清偿全部债务就其中某个法院已采取强制执行措施的财产而申请参与分配，但还有其他财产已由其他法院查封、扣押、冻结，为使债权人公平受偿，不同的法院应如何协调？是各自为政还是合并执行？在参与分配程序中如何合并？
《规定》第91条第1款规定，“对参与被执行人财产的具体分配，应当由首先查封、扣押或冻结的法院主持。”该规定明确以采取执行措施的先后作为确定主持分配法院的依据。即如果两个不同的法院对同一个被执行人都采取了查封（或扣押、冻结）措施，则先查封的法院为主持参与分配程序的法院，后查封的法院应将参与分配申请人、所查封的财产移交给先查封的法院，并承担相应的委托执行义务。
实践中感到为难的是两个法院对同一被执行人采取了不同的执行措施，如一个法院采取的是查封措施，另一个法院采取的是扣押措施，则该如何决定主持参与分配的法院？笔者认为，在这种情况下，仍应以采取执行措施的先后来确定，即不管法院采取的是哪一种执行措施，只要事实上是最先对被执行人的财产采取执行措施的，即为主持分配的法院，而无需考虑所采取的措施种类，被采取执行措施财产的种类（动产或不动产）、标的额大小等因素。这样理解，既符合《规定》的精神，又便于实践操作。
在有多个法院对同一被执行人的财产采取执行措施时，或者一个法院对同一被执行人多次采取执行措施时，应采取并案程序，即将数个相互独立的对同一被执行人的案件合并为一个案件执行，并由先采取执行措施的法院主持并案执行，以使参与分配制度更具合理性和操作性。(作者单位：安徽师范大学法律系 浙江省宁波市鄞州区人民法院)

备注：本文发表于《人民法院报》2003年4月13日。